Soviet Union, mid-1980s
Under the leadership of Mikhail Gorbachev, the Soviet Union embarked on bold reforms to revitalize its stagnant economy and society.
Glasnost (openness) encouraged transparency and freedom of expression, breaking decades of censorship.
Perestroika (restructuring) aimed to modernize industry and government, introducing elements of market economy.
These policies ignited political debates and nationalist movements within the Soviet bloc.
Though intended to strengthen the USSR, the reforms hastened its unraveling.
The thawing of Cold War tensions led to groundbreaking summits with U.S. leaders like Ronald Reagan.
These changes paved the way for the eventual dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.